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Boer War use of the Norwegian Krag

2.7K views 7 replies 3 participants last post by  free1954  
#1 ·
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krag–Jørgensen

Norwegian-Style Krag Rifles in Boer service[edit]
A number of 1896 and 1897 Steyr-manufactured Krag rifles resembling the M1894 Norwegian and chambered in 6.5×55, but lacking some Norwegian inspection markings and having serial numbers outside the sequences of those produced for Norway, were in Boer hands during the second Boer War of 1899–1902—most have serial numbers below 900. Markings show these rifles were manufactured by Steyr concurrently with a large order of M1894 rifles made for Norway. Some parts of rejected Norwegian rifles may have been used in these weapons—many small parts have serial numbers that do not match receiver numbers, these mismatched small parts sometimes have numbers in ranges of rifles made for Norway, yet appear original to the rifle. Photographs of high-ranking Boer officers holding M1894-like rifles exist. Cartridge casings in 6.5×55 have been found on the Magersfontein battlefield and may have been fired by such M1894-like rifles. Some sources state that about 100 1896-date and at least about 200 1897-date rifles reached the Boers. Some rifles meeting this description exist in South African museums with Boer-war documentation, and in England documented as captured bring-backs. A few rifles having Norwegian inspector stamps and serial numbers in the civilian marksmanship organization serial number range are also known to be in South African museums and may have been used by Boer forces—it is suspected that these may have arrived in South Africa with a small Scandinavian volunteer force that fought for the Boers. A small number of Steyr 1897 M1894-like 6.5×55 rifles with 3-digit serial numbers outside the Norwegian contract ranges and in the same range as these Boer Krags, and lacking Norwegian inspection stamps like the low-numbered 1897 rifles in South African museums, are known to exist in the USA—it is not known if these have Boer connections or were initially delivered elsewhere.

https://kieranmcmullen.com/2012/10/07/weapons-of-the-second-boer-war/


General Smuts leaning on his Krag

Also bought ahead of time and used by the Boers was the Krag-Jorgensen Rifle. This rifle was used by Norway, Sweden, Denmark and the United States. The unique feature of this rifle was, that where the bolt must remain open to reload a Mauser or an Enfield, the bolt could remain closed and ready to fire while reloading the Krag. The major disadvantage was that the rounds were loaded singly from the side instead of in one motion from the top. Several hundred of these weapons were bought by the Boers and ended up being used by foreign volunteers. Some actually turned up in 1916 in the Irish Rebellion

http://samilitaryhistory.org/vol036bb.html

http://www.heliograph.com/trmgs/trmgs4/boer.shtml
 
#2 ·
How Norwegian Krag ended up in Ireland 1916 Rebellion:

https://kieranmcmullen.com/2011/11/01/weapons-of-the-irish-rebels-and-the-british/

But how did they end upin Dublin in 1916? One of the buyers for Krags was the government of Zuid-Afrikaansche Republiek (ZAR), commonly known as the Transvaal. You might remember that Major MacBride (who fought at Jacob’s Biscuit Factory) had led
the Irish Brigade in support of the Boers against England in the Second Boer War. Norway had delivered 300 Krags to the Transvaal forces shortly before the war. These rifles were remnants of that lost conflict. In fact, the slouch hats, with the sides turned up, worn by the ICA was in honor of the Boers. The Second Boer War had not been overly popular in Ireland
 
#3 ·
Norway as a state did not deliver a single Krag to anyone. But Steyr sold some to the Boers, as did Krags company "Det Krag Jørgenske geværcompagni" (Krag Jørgensen riflecompany).
Krag was director of the Kongsberg armsfactory, and got permission to produce batches of rifles for his company in between the military production. Steyr lost money on the Krag deal, because of the big number of rejected parts and rifles. They put together about 300 rifles of the leftovers, and sold these to SA. The Krag company (possibly) sold 200 rifles through their agent Larsen in SA.

Pretty interesting that some of these turned up in Ireland.
 
#4 ·
Difficult to believe that Steyr did not make any money on the deal of making the Norwegian Krag rifles to Norway. Seldom, if never, do a firearms manufacturer or merchant, not make money of weapons sales ?

Interesting of how "One man's garbage, becomes another man's treasure", when Norwegian inspectors, strangely, rejected a large number of Austrian made Norwegian Krag, that was then resold for a good profit to the diamond rich Boers of Transvaal, who otherwise had enough diamonds and gold to buy the best guns on the international marked ? So why did the Boers buy "defect Norwegian Krag's" from Steyr ? Or is this term "guns rejected" by Norwegian Inspectors, a "smokescreen" by the Steyr and Krag Joergensen Company to make a quick and high profit from the Boers desperate need for rifle to fight the British, and at the same time, politically denying any Norwegian Government sales or involvements of Krag rifles sales to the Boers of Transvaal ?

The Austrian Company, Steyr, is also known for making high quality guns, then why was a large number of Steyr's Norwegian Krag's rejected by the Norwegian inspectors, controlled by Mr. Krag himself, and then these "rejected" Norwegian Krag were resold to the Boers for a good profit, and why did the Boers not complain about receiving and using "defect Norwegian Krag's" in their battles against the British ?

The iconic picture of the Boer General Smut shows that he is very happy with his "defect Norwegian Krag". After it use in Africa, a number of these "defect Norwegian Krag's" were transported and shipped to Ireland and used during the 1916 rebellions against the British. That is not bad for the same "defect and rejected" Norwegian Krag rifles, to be used i two consecutive wars in both Africa and Ireland.

Clearly, there is more to this story that has not been told yet, a story and sales that also at the time would have been know to the Norwegian Government, who, for reasons still unknown to us, chose to look the other way, and let a large number of "defect" Norwegian Krag Rifles end in the hands of the gold and diamond rich Boers of Transvaal ?
 
#5 ·
I have to correct my last post. It was numbers from my memory, but now I looked it up in Haneviks Krag bible.

The rejected parts and rifles from Steyr did not pass the test for interchangeability of parts. A rifle could be perfectly OK, but be rejected because major parts were outside the required tolerances, and couldn't be swapped around with other rifles.

The Steyr factory was big. Making about 30000 Krags was just a small job for them. They also got fined for delays, according to the contract with the norwegian state. In adition there was many rejected parts / rifles. So they did loose quite a bit of money on the deal. The factory themselves counted the loss to 1/2 million kroners, according to Hanevik. As compensation for delays, they also made 5000 bayonettes extra.

Here's the facts about the Boer Krags, from Haneviks book.

From the start of the production at Steyr, Krag allready made the deal, that they would also make some rifles for his company, KJGCo (Krag Jørgensen rifle company).
Around the winter 1896 /97,KJGCo received 24 rifles. They were put together by the best of the 200 first rejects. Summer 1897, KJGCo buys 200 more rifles from Steyr. In 1898 Steyr offered KJGCo another 700 rifles, but KJGCo declined. They were a small company and didn't want to get stuck with a large inventory of unsold rifles, but bought a smaller number of rifles. In total, KJGCo didn't purchase more than 300 rifles from Steyr. KJGCo sold their rifles through different agents abroad. KJGCo's agent Sigvald Larsen offered Krags to the Boers allready in January 1896. Only Z.A.R bought Krags. Later other agents also sold Krags for KJGCo. In particular the company T.Beckett & co, supplied a lot of Krags for the Boers. Also KJGCo's salesagent in London, Hans Dessen, sold Krags to the Z.A.R. Dr. Ron Bester in South Africa, have done research on the Krags history. The first Krag came to SA for testing in may 1896. Late 1896, two rifles and one carbine came for testing. These first Krags must have been sold to KJGCo by Kongsberg. In february 1897,12 rifles and 12 carbines arrived in SA. KJGCo bougth 13 carbines from Kongsberg just prior to this time, so it's likely the carbines were made at Kongsberg. The 12 rifles were most likely from the first 24 KJGCo bought from Steyr. The Boers then ordered 100 rifles, wich arrived in the period march 1897 - february 1898. These were probably from the batch of 200 rifles KJGCo bought from Steyr in the spring of 1897. The Boers also purchased 150 000 6,5x55 cartridges. Late 1899, another 175 Krags arrived in SA. Probably from the last batch KJGCo bought from Steyr. In 1898/99 more than 300 000 6,5x55 cartridges arrived through the agent ZAFOS. It is proved that 298 Krags arrived in South Africa, but it could have been more.
Krags made by Steyr, but outside the norwegian contract, are found in Norway, England, Belgium and the USA, so KJGCo's agents didn't only sell them to the Boers.
There was a small test production of carbines at Steyr, and some of the ca. 20 carbines sold to SA, must have been made at Steyr.

I still don't understand what this has to do with the norwegian state. There was no international embargo against South Africa as I know of?

There was a small scandinavian voluntare force in the Boer war as well, but they used Mausers.
http://www.angloboerwar.com/unit-information/boer-units/179-foreign-corps/1955-scandinavian-corps
http://samilitaryhistory.org/vol145sb.html

Snowhunter: you should really get hold of Haneviks book "Norske militærgeværer etter 1867". It's the 2nd.edt.of his Krag bible, but with additional chapters about the development of the Remington rolling blocks, Jarmanns etc...
http://www.pistolskyting.info/Diverse/books.shtml
https://www.akademika.no/norske-militaergevaerer-etter-1867/hanevik-karl-egil/9788299314312
 
#6 · (Edited)
There were documented international arms embargoes and clandestine weapons sales to the Boers of Transvaal, which would have made it very profitable for "gun running" individuals and gun producing companies to take break and take advantage of. The Boers at the time, controlled most of the diamond and gold trade from South Africa, in which the British also wanted to control, hence this Boer War, fighting for the spoils of Africa.

eI still find it very peculiar, that such a large numbers of "rejected and defect" Norwegian Krag rifles ended up in the Boer hands, and later being used again in Ireland, both times under severe battlefield conditions, and working perfectly well as military firearms. Perhaps Mr. Hanevik, for reasons unknown to me, did miss this part of colorful history of the Norwegian Krag's, that more or less clandestinely, but deliberately rejected by Norwegian inspectors at Steyr, being quickly resold by Mr. Krag and Steyr, to the gold and diamond rich Boers of South Africa ? I sincerely doubt that neither Mr. Krag or Steyr gave the Boers a reduced discount price, because the Boers were buying and acquiring "defective and rejected" Norwegian Krag rifles ? This deal between Mr. Krag, Steyr and the Boers stinks of a, large Norwegian clandestine weapons sales to the Boers !

UNESCO documentation of the Boer War:

https://books.google.ca/books?id=mw...QAhUo34MKHQBJBhgQ6AEIGzAA#v=onepage&q=weapon embargo of transvaal boers&f=false

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_African_Wars_(1879–1915)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Boer_War
 
#7 ·
Decades ago, one gun dealer at "Yeager's Gunshop", Bellingham, Washington State, told me about a shipment of Boer surplus rifles, originally from South Africa that arrived in the United States. The
gun Dealer told me about that many of these old Boer rifles had names inscribed on the stock, as well as many of them had "kill notches" carved into the stock. The Gun dealer told me that several of the new American owners of these old Boer rifles, were therefore able to track down the present South African descendants of these old Boer warriors. Wondering if there were any, Steyr made, Norwegian Krags among these old surplus, Boer rifles ?