Study the history of 9mm performance, including the vast array of rounds that have been made for it.
When LEO started the "great migration" from wheelguns to semi-auto back in the 70's, the big push went for 9mm, especially when the first double stack magazines came into production and "spray and pray" was introduced. Large volume of shots for those who can't shoot accurately (most LEO).
It wasn't long before actual results of 9mm started proving more than inadequate for knockdown. Ammunition makers rushed to introduce all kinds of different loads for 9mm, from lightweight high velocity to an unbelievable assortment of JHP. Results continued to pile up. It wasn't working.
9mm is accurate, if you practice. 9mm has lighter recoil, great for the small handed people and the influx of female officers. 9mm compacts were great for plainclothes officers.
It was the Miami shootout with the FBI, perp hit 15 times but survived long enough to kill 4 FBI agents, that finally lead to a study for a more effective round and FBI switching to .40.
As results continued to pile up in LEO involved shooting, the second great migration was on late 80's and 90's with a conversion to .40 and .45ACP.
Personal experience with 9mm as LEO. Perfect shot placement produced "neurological incapacitation", the desired objective, but murder lived to serve 5 yrs and get out on parole.
Needless to say, we changed ammo within a week. Following several other LEO incidents and poor performance, department went to .45ACP just as I retired.
I still have a 9mm but only shoot it now and then as a good target paper punching gun. I would never carry it again.
As a Paramedic, seen and treated several 9mm shooting victims. A couple survived what should have been hands down fatal by any stretch. As well, have seen 1 shot .45ACP DOA.
.40 has a pretty good performance record but sharper recoil some people don't adjust well to. Learn to "ride" .45ACP and you will find it more comfortable. I've trained tiny females who took to a full frame 1911 like a duck to water. Newer compact .45ACP are just as compact and easy to handle as many 9mm.
My carry choice is .45ACP Warthog and I stuff it with my standard round nose 235gr cast lead reloads. Never had a FTF, jam or other problem with them (as opposed to some JHP), velocity is consistent and accuracy very good. I know where they will go when I pull the trigger and I shoot them in vast quantity on a regular basis. As opposed to very expensive factory JHP I can't afford to drop 200-300 rounds in a range session, I practice routinely with the reloads and am intimately familiar with their POI. What the cast lead does to intimate objects and degree of expansion leaves me no doubt they would be more than adequate for 1 shot knockdown. I trust them completely to do the job! If I should need more than 10+1, I'll be running away fast!