I don't know,but would think that japanese workers probably get better paid than US ones if anything (depending on the induestry of course).I can say with certainty that Miroku firearms are excellent quality...certainly a rung or 2 above the lever actions turned out by Winchester in the US for the last decade or so of manufacture.I brought a brand new model 94 Winchester about 20 yrs back...the front sight was quite crooked and it was pretty average quality I felt as far as finish was concerned.